share.google/aimode/jtVsvZ9R…
Today’s top stories for Saturday, April 11, 2026, are led by high-stakes peace negotiations in Islamabad and the successful return of the historic Artemis II lunar mission. [1, 2]
Global Conflict & DiplomacyU.S.-Iran Peace Talks: Vice President J.D. Vance has arrived in Islamabad, Pakistan, for direct trilateral negotiations with Iranian and Pakistani officials. The talks aim to turn a fragile ceasefire into a lasting peace following weeks of conflict that have severely impacted global energy markets.
Strait of Hormuz: President Trump stated that “clearing” of the critical waterway is underway, with the first U.S. Navy vessels moving through the channel in weeks. Iran has issued warnings against further U.S. naval entry as terms remain in dispute.
Ukraine Conflict: Russian drone strikes on Odesa have killed at least two people just ahead of a planned Orthodox Easter ceasefire. [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]Science & Space
Artemis II Splashdown: The four-person crew of NASA’s Artemis II mission safely splashed down in the Pacific Ocean on Friday afternoon after a historic 10-day voyage around the moon. The mission marked the furthest humans have ever traveled from Earth. [5, 10]
U.S. Politics & National News
Swalwell Misconduct Allegations: Representative Eric Swalwell faces growing pressure to drop out of the California governor’s race following multiple allegations of sexual misconduct, including a claim of rape from a former staffer. Swalwell has strongly denied the accusations.
U.S. Economy: Fresh data shows March inflation surged to its highest level in nearly two years, driven largely by oil price shocks from the Middle East conflict.
“Triumphal Arch” Design: The Trump administration has unveiled designs for a 250-foot gold-accented victory arch to be built in Washington, D.C.. [6, 11, 12, 13, 14]Sports & Entertainment
The Masters: Rory McIlroy holds a commanding six-shot lead heading into the weekend at Augusta National, setting a halfway-mark scoring record.
Coachella 2026: The festival kicked off in California with headliner Sabrina Carpenter, though high winds forced the cancellation of several Friday sets.
Mariners Statue Mishap: A newly unveiled statue of Ichiro Suzuki at T-Mobile Park suffered a break when the bat snapped off during the ceremony. [3, 10, 15, 16, 17][1] newsnationnow.com
[2] baltimoresun.com
[3] nbcnews.com
[4] cbsnews.com
[5] reuters.com
[6] reuters.com
[7] nypost.com
[8] npr.org
[9] cbsnews.com
[10] bbc.com
[11] cnn.com
[12] nytimes.com
[13] bbc.com
[14] washingtonpost.com
[15] news.google.com
[16] nypost.com
[17] edition.cnn.com— Michael Novakhov (@mikenov) Apr 11, 2026
Month: April 2026
Melania Trump’s speech propels Epstein crisis back to forefront bbc.com/news/articles/cwy3w9…
— Michael Novakhov (@mikenov) Apr 11, 2026
Ukraine, Russia move towards potential peace deal, Bloomberg reports | Reuters reuters.com/business/finance…
— Michael Novakhov (@mikenov) Apr 11, 2026
#CIA #FBI #ODNI
Intelligence Officer Abuse of Power – Articles and Tweets
When intelligence and law enforcement personnel are granted extraordinary tools, classified access, and legal authority, the potential for abuse is significant.
thenewsandtimes.blogspot.com…— Michael Novakhov (@mikenov) Apr 11, 2026
#Security #Intelligence #Power
Intelligence Officer Abuse of Power – Articles and Tweets thenewsandtimes.blogspot.com…— Michael Novakhov (@mikenov) Apr 11, 2026
#CIA #FBI #ODNI
Intelligence Officer Abuse of Power – Gemini
gemini.google.com/share/4aa5…
When intelligence and law enforcement personnel are granted extraordinary tools, classified access, and legal authority, the potential for abuse is significant. While the vast majority of officers use these powers for national security and public safety, history provides stark examples of individuals who exploited their positions to fulfill personal desires, financial greed, or vendettas.Here are prominent examples of intelligence officers and federal agents abusing their power for personal gain, categorized by the nature of the abuse:
1. Surveillance for Personal Voyeurism (“LOVEINT”)
One of the most frequent abuses of intelligence-gathering tools is the unauthorized tracking of spouses, ex-partners, or romantic interests.The NSA “LOVEINT” Admissions: Following internal reviews and the 2013 global surveillance disclosures, the National Security Agency (NSA) officially acknowledged multiple instances of analysts abusing their access to global surveillance networks. The practice was so well-known internally that it earned the nickname “LOVEINT” (a play on official intelligence terms like SIGINT or HUMINT). Analysts used the agency’s vast signals intelligence apparatus to read emails, listen to phone calls, and track the locations of their love interests. When caught—often by self-admission during routine polygraph tests—these analysts faced consequences ranging from pay reductions to termination.
2. Extortion and Theft During Active Operations
Undercover agents and cyber investigators have occasionally realized that the criminals they are hunting offer a lucrative opportunity for theft, operating under the assumption that a criminal cannot easily report a theft to the police.The Silk Road Task Force: During the federal investigation into the dark web marketplace Silk Road, DEA Agent Carl Force and Secret Service Agent Shaun Bridges abused their access for massive financial gain. Force used his officially sanctioned undercover persona to extort Silk Road founder Ross Ulbricht, offering to sell him “inside” law enforcement information in exchange for Bitcoin. He also created secondary, unauthorized personas to double-dip the extortion. Meanwhile, Bridges used a seized administrator account to siphon hundreds of thousands of dollars in Bitcoin directly from the platform. Both federal agents falsified reports, laundered the stolen cryptocurrency into their personal bank accounts, and were eventually sentenced to federal prison.
3. Contract Fraud and Cronyism
High-ranking officials with access to classified “black budgets” have occasionally exploited the secrecy of their departments to enrich themselves and their associates without standard public oversight.The CIA Executive Director Scandal: Kyle “Dusty” Foggo served as the Executive Director of the CIA (the agency’s number-three position) until 2006. In 2008, Foggo pleaded guilty to honest services fraud after an investigation revealed he used his executive authority to steer lucrative, classified CIA supply contracts to a firm owned by his lifelong friend, defense contractor Brent Wilkes. In exchange for bypassing standard competitive bidding and vetting processes, Foggo enjoyed lavish vacations, private jet travel, and expensive meals. Foggo was sentenced to 37 months in federal prison.
4. Espionage Strictly for Financial Gain
While some intelligence officers commit treason for ideological or political reasons, others abuse their top-secret access to sell out their country simply to fund a luxurious lifestyle or pay off personal debts.Aldrich Ames and Robert Hanssen: CIA counterintelligence officer Aldrich Ames and FBI agent Robert Hanssen are two of the most damaging spies in American history. Neither was motivated by a belief in the Soviet Union; both sold highly classified information—including the names of American assets who were subsequently executed—strictly for the payout. Ames earned millions of dollars from the KGB, using the illicit funds to buy a Jaguar, luxury real estate, and expensive jewelry that far exceeded his government salary. Hanssen sold secrets for $1.4 million in cash and diamonds to cover family expenses and fund his personal lifestyle.
Examples when intelligence officers abuse their power for their personal needs or gains – GS google.com/search?q=Examples…
AI Mode
share.google/aimode/9fT3Beos…
Intelligence officers have historically abused their positions for various personal motives, ranging from financial gain to personal vendettas and stalking. [1]
Financial Gain and Corruption
High-ranking officers have occasionally used their authority to secure bribes or steer lucrative government contracts to associates. [2]Dusty Foggo (CIA): As the former Executive Director of the CIA, Kyle “Dusty” Foggo was sentenced for steering agency contracts to a friend’s company and using his influence to hire his mistress into a high-paying CIA position.
Directorate M (FSB): In 2024, three officers from Russia’s FSB “Directorate M”—a unit specifically designed to fight corruption—were arrested for accepting over $55 million in bribes to drop investigations into private companies. [3, 4, 5]Espionage for Personal Profit [6]
Officers with access to sensitive data have sold secrets to foreign entities to resolve personal financial issues or for direct payment. [7]Alexander Yukqing Ma (CIA): A former CIA officer was sentenced to 10 years in prison for selling national defense secrets to China in exchange for cash and expensive gifts, including one instance where he was filmed counting $50,000. [8, 9]
Abuse of Surveillance for Personal Relationships [10]
The “LOVEINT” (Love Intelligence) phenomenon describes intelligence staff using powerful surveillance tools to track former or current romantic partners. [8, 11]NSA LOVEINT: Former NSA employees have been investigated for using the agency’s vast surveillance network to spy on significant others or former partners without any national security justification.
Database Misuse: Investigations into the Israel Police revealed that roughly 20% of internal data abuse cases involved officers using restricted access to promote personal interests, such as during divorce proceedings or property purchases. [8, 12, 13]Intimidation and Stalking
Officers may leverage their “command presence” and specialized training to control individuals in their private lives.Tactical Domestic Abuse: Officers have used unmarked vehicles and tracking devices to stalk victims, gaining unauthorized entry to homes or installing hidden cameras and spy software to monitor personal communications.
Interrogation Techniques: Some officers apply sophisticated psychological and interrogation tactics learned in the field to manipulate or emotionally abuse their partners. [14, 15]Would you like more information on oversight mechanisms designed to prevent these specific types of intelligence abuses?
[1] reddit.com
[2] cbsnews.com
[3] propublica.org
[4] nbcnews.com
[5] cepa.org
[6] aclu.org
[7] sgp.fas.org
[8] youtube.com
[9] youtube.com
[10] policespiesoutoflives.org.uk
[11] en.wikipedia.org
[12] aclu.org
[13] timesofisrael.com
[14] abuseofpower.info
[15] abuseofpower.infoAI Overview
Intelligence officers abuse their power for personal gain by leveraging surveillance tools, classified access, and legal immunity to bypass accountability. Common examples include conducting unauthorized surveillance on romantic interests or rivals, selling sensitive information, protecting criminal networks, and fabricating intelligence for financial gain or political leverage, as detailed on the UNDP site and discussed by users on Reddit. [1, 2, 3, 4]
Key Examples of Abuse of Power:Surveillance for Personal Needs: Using sophisticated surveillance technology—wiretapping, tracking, or email monitoring—to monitor ex-spouses, romantic interests, business competitors, or political opponents.
Financial Misconduct and Corruption:Selling Information: Leaking classified information, undercover officer identities, or classified intelligence to criminals, foreign entities, or journalists for profit.
Kickbacks: Accepting money, services, or goods from criminal organizations in exchange for protection or information, often protecting drug or gambling rings.
Opportunistic Theft: Stealing cash or valuable assets during intelligence operations, house raids, or arrests.Fabrication and Manipulation:
Falsifying Reports: Lying on affidavits, creating fake intelligence reports, or planting evidence to secure unwarranted convictions or gain promotions.
Fixing Cases: Manipulating, destroying, or suppressing evidence to help friends or allies avoid prosecution.Abuse of Authority/Position:
Intimidation: Using their official position to threaten individuals or coerce compliance in personal disputes.
Protecting Illegal Activities: Allowing friends or associates to run illegal businesses (such as gambling or prostitution) in exchange for bribes.Misuse of Public Resources: Utilizing government vehicles, data systems, and human resources for private, personal business ventures or to manage personal lives. [2, 3, 5, 6, 7]
Such unethical conduct undermines public trust in security institutions and violates constitutionally protected rights, notes the College of Safety and Security. [6]
AI responses may include mistakes.
[1] reddit.com/r/PoliticalDiscus…
[2] mdpi.com/2075-471X/11/5/69
[3] ijlsi.com/wp-content/uploads…
[4] leppardlaw.com/federal/compu…
[5] ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-librar…
[6] csesjournal.columbiasouthern…
[7] study.com/academy/lesson/abu…LOVEINT cases constitute the vast majority of “willful misconduct” cases detected at the agency. share.google/aimode/44zt6vL3… “LOVEINT” is a slang term used within the National Security Agency (NSA) to describe the intentional and unauthorized use of surveillance authorities …
See more— Michael Novakhov (@mikenov) Apr 11, 2026
LOVEINT cases constitute the vast majority of “willful misconduct” cases detected at the agency.
share.google/aimode/44zt6vL3…
“LOVEINT” is a slang term used within the National Security Agency (NSA) to describe the intentional and unauthorized use of surveillance authorities by employees to spy on the phone calls or emails of romantic partners, spouses, or love interests. It is a play on intelligence acronyms like SIGINT (Signals Intelligence) and HUMINT (Human Intelligence). [1, 2]
Analysis of LOVEINTNature of Misconduct: These are deliberate, willful violations of agency protocols by employees or contractors, rather than accidental data collection.
Target Demographic: Targets are almost exclusively private individuals known to the employee (girlfriends, boyfriends, husbands, wives).
Context: The term gained public attention following a 2013 letter from the NSA inspector general, Dr. George Ellard, to Senator Chuck Grassley, highlighting, in part, the challenges in monitoring internal misuse of surveillance tools. [1, 2]Features and Characteristics
“Spycraft” Abuse: It involves using advanced intelligence database tools designed for national security threats to monitor personal lives.
Frequency: While the NSA has described these instances as “very rare,” a 2013 letter admitted to 12 documented cases of LOVEINT since 2003, with more ongoing investigations.
Other Potential Misuse: In addition to the 12 confirmed cases, the agency had reported ongoing investigations into other potential cases of misused surveillance, often described in the context of “willful misconduct”. [1, 2, 3]Frequency Estimates and Findings
Documented Cases: In 2013, the NSA acknowledged a dozen cases over a decade (roughly one or two per year), though officials suggested a “handful” in the last decade.
Underreporting: Some experts and critics argue that such figures may not reflect the full extent of misuse due to the difficulties in auditing all employee queries within vast, automated surveillance systems, particularly in the post-Edward Snowden era of scrutiny.
“Loveint” vs. Other Misuse: LOVEINT cases constitute the vast majority of “willful misconduct” cases detected at the agency. [1, 2, 3]This type of surveillance abuse is not unique to the NSA; cases of local law enforcement officials abusing database access to check on romantic interests have also been documented. [2]
AI responses may include mistakes.
[1] nbcnews.com/news/world/lovei…
[2] washingtonpost.com/news/the-…
[3] securityweek.com/loveint-nsa…— Michael Novakhov (@mikenov) Apr 11, 2026
#CIA #FBI #ODNI
Intelligence Officer Abuse of Power – Gemini
gemini.google.com/share/4aa5…
When intelligence and law enforcement personnel are granted extraordinary tools, classified access, and legal authority, the potential for abuse is significant. While the vast majority of officers use these powers for national security and public safety, history provides stark examples of individuals who exploited their positions to fulfill personal desires, financial greed, or vendettas.Here are prominent examples of intelligence officers and federal agents abusing their power for personal gain, categorized by the nature of the abuse:
1. Surveillance for Personal Voyeurism (“LOVEINT”)
One of the most frequent abuses of intelligence-gathering tools is the unauthorized tracking of spouses, ex-partners, or romantic interests.The NSA “LOVEINT” Admissions: Following internal reviews and the 2013 global surveillance disclosures, the National Security Agency (NSA) officially acknowledged multiple instances of analysts abusing their access to global surveillance networks. The practice was so well-known internally that it earned the nickname “LOVEINT” (a play on official intelligence terms like SIGINT or HUMINT). Analysts used the agency’s vast signals intelligence apparatus to read emails, listen to phone calls, and track the locations of their love interests. When caught—often by self-admission during routine polygraph tests—these analysts faced consequences ranging from pay reductions to termination.
2. Extortion and Theft During Active Operations
Undercover agents and cyber investigators have occasionally realized that the criminals they are hunting offer a lucrative opportunity for theft, operating under the assumption that a criminal cannot easily report a theft to the police.The Silk Road Task Force: During the federal investigation into the dark web marketplace Silk Road, DEA Agent Carl Force and Secret Service Agent Shaun Bridges abused their access for massive financial gain. Force used his officially sanctioned undercover persona to extort Silk Road founder Ross Ulbricht, offering to sell him “inside” law enforcement information in exchange for Bitcoin. He also created secondary, unauthorized personas to double-dip the extortion. Meanwhile, Bridges used a seized administrator account to siphon hundreds of thousands of dollars in Bitcoin directly from the platform. Both federal agents falsified reports, laundered the stolen cryptocurrency into their personal bank accounts, and were eventually sentenced to federal prison.
3. Contract Fraud and Cronyism
High-ranking officials with access to classified “black budgets” have occasionally exploited the secrecy of their departments to enrich themselves and their associates without standard public oversight.The CIA Executive Director Scandal: Kyle “Dusty” Foggo served as the Executive Director of the CIA (the agency’s number-three position) until 2006. In 2008, Foggo pleaded guilty to honest services fraud after an investigation revealed he used his executive authority to steer lucrative, classified CIA supply contracts to a firm owned by his lifelong friend, defense contractor Brent Wilkes. In exchange for bypassing standard competitive bidding and vetting processes, Foggo enjoyed lavish vacations, private jet travel, and expensive meals. Foggo was sentenced to 37 months in federal prison.
4. Espionage Strictly for Financial Gain
While some intelligence officers commit treason for ideological or political reasons, others abuse their top-secret access to sell out their country simply to fund a luxurious lifestyle or pay off personal debts.Aldrich Ames and Robert Hanssen: CIA counterintelligence officer Aldrich Ames and FBI agent Robert Hanssen are two of the most damaging spies in American history. Neither was motivated by a belief in the Soviet Union; both sold highly classified information—including the names of American assets who were subsequently executed—strictly for the payout. Ames earned millions of dollars from the KGB, using the illicit funds to buy a Jaguar, luxury real estate, and expensive jewelry that far exceeded his government salary. Hanssen sold secrets for $1.4 million in cash and diamonds to cover family expenses and fund his personal lifestyle.
Examples when intelligence officers abuse their power for their personal needs or gains – GS google.com/search?q=Examples…
AI Mode
share.google/aimode/9fT3Beos…
Intelligence officers have historically abused their positions for various personal motives, ranging from financial gain to personal vendettas and stalking. [1]
Financial Gain and Corruption
High-ranking officers have occasionally used their authority to secure bribes or steer lucrative government contracts to associates. [2]Dusty Foggo (CIA): As the former Executive Director of the CIA, Kyle “Dusty” Foggo was sentenced for steering agency contracts to a friend’s company and using his influence to hire his mistress into a high-paying CIA position.
Directorate M (FSB): In 2024, three officers from Russia’s FSB “Directorate M”—a unit specifically designed to fight corruption—were arrested for accepting over $55 million in bribes to drop investigations into private companies. [3, 4, 5]Espionage for Personal Profit [6]
Officers with access to sensitive data have sold secrets to foreign entities to resolve personal financial issues or for direct payment. [7]Alexander Yukqing Ma (CIA): A former CIA officer was sentenced to 10 years in prison for selling national defense secrets to China in exchange for cash and expensive gifts, including one instance where he was filmed counting $50,000. [8, 9]
Abuse of Surveillance for Personal Relationships [10]
The “LOVEINT” (Love Intelligence) phenomenon describes intelligence staff using powerful surveillance tools to track former or current romantic partners. [8, 11]NSA LOVEINT: Former NSA employees have been investigated for using the agency’s vast surveillance network to spy on significant others or former partners without any national security justification.
Database Misuse: Investigations into the Israel Police revealed that roughly 20% of internal data abuse cases involved officers using restricted access to promote personal interests, such as during divorce proceedings or property purchases. [8, 12, 13]Intimidation and Stalking
Officers may leverage their “command presence” and specialized training to control individuals in their private lives.Tactical Domestic Abuse: Officers have used unmarked vehicles and tracking devices to stalk victims, gaining unauthorized entry to homes or installing hidden cameras and spy software to monitor personal communications.
Interrogation Techniques: Some officers apply sophisticated psychological and interrogation tactics learned in the field to manipulate or emotionally abuse their partners. [14, 15]Would you like more information on oversight mechanisms designed to prevent these specific types of intelligence abuses?
[1] reddit.com
[2] cbsnews.com
[3] propublica.org
[4] nbcnews.com
[5] cepa.org
[6] aclu.org
[7] sgp.fas.org
[8] youtube.com
[9] youtube.com
[10] policespiesoutoflives.org.uk
[11] en.wikipedia.org
[12] aclu.org
[13] timesofisrael.com
[14] abuseofpower.info
[15] abuseofpower.infoAI Overview
Intelligence officers abuse their power for personal gain by leveraging surveillance tools, classified access, and legal immunity to bypass accountability. Common examples include conducting unauthorized surveillance on romantic interests or rivals, selling sensitive information, protecting criminal networks, and fabricating intelligence for financial gain or political leverage, as detailed on the UNDP site and discussed by users on Reddit. [1, 2, 3, 4]
Key Examples of Abuse of Power:Surveillance for Personal Needs: Using sophisticated surveillance technology—wiretapping, tracking, or email monitoring—to monitor ex-spouses, romantic interests, business competitors, or political opponents.
Financial Misconduct and Corruption:Selling Information: Leaking classified information, undercover officer identities, or classified intelligence to criminals, foreign entities, or journalists for profit.
Kickbacks: Accepting money, services, or goods from criminal organizations in exchange for protection or information, often protecting drug or gambling rings.
Opportunistic Theft: Stealing cash or valuable assets during intelligence operations, house raids, or arrests.Fabrication and Manipulation:
Falsifying Reports: Lying on affidavits, creating fake intelligence reports, or planting evidence to secure unwarranted convictions or gain promotions.
Fixing Cases: Manipulating, destroying, or suppressing evidence to help friends or allies avoid prosecution.Abuse of Authority/Position:
Intimidation: Using their official position to threaten individuals or coerce compliance in personal disputes.
Protecting Illegal Activities: Allowing friends or associates to run illegal businesses (such as gambling or prostitution) in exchange for bribes.Misuse of Public Resources: Utilizing government vehicles, data systems, and human resources for private, personal business ventures or to manage personal lives. [2, 3, 5, 6, 7]
Such unethical conduct undermines public trust in security institutions and violates constitutionally protected rights, notes the College of Safety and Security. [6]
AI responses may include mistakes.
[1] reddit.com/r/PoliticalDiscus…
[2] mdpi.com/2075-471X/11/5/69
[3] ijlsi.com/wp-content/uploads…
[4] leppardlaw.com/federal/compu…
[5] ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-librar…
[6] csesjournal.columbiasouthern…
[7] study.com/academy/lesson/abu…— Michael Novakhov (@mikenov) Apr 11, 2026
AI Mode
share.google/aimode/9fT3Beos…— Michael Novakhov (@mikenov) Apr 11, 2026
#CIA #FBI #ODNI
Intelligence Officer Abuse of Power – Gemini
gemini.google.com/share/4aa5…
Examples when intelligence officers abuse their power for their personal needs or gains – GS google.com/search?q=Examples…
AI Overview
Intelligence officers abuse their power for personal gain by leveraging surveillance tools, classified access, and legal immunity to bypass accountability. Common examples include conducting unauthorized surveillance on romantic interests or rivals, selling sensitive information, protecting criminal networks, and fabricating intelligence for financial gain or political leverage, as detailed on the UNDP site and discussed by users on Reddit. [1, 2, 3, 4]
Key Examples of Abuse of Power:Surveillance for Personal Needs: Using sophisticated surveillance technology—wiretapping, tracking, or email monitoring—to monitor ex-spouses, romantic interests, business competitors, or political opponents.
Financial Misconduct and Corruption:Selling Information: Leaking classified information, undercover officer identities, or classified intelligence to criminals, foreign entities, or journalists for profit.
Kickbacks: Accepting money, services, or goods from criminal organizations in exchange for protection or information, often protecting drug or gambling rings.
Opportunistic Theft: Stealing cash or valuable assets during intelligence operations, house raids, or arrests.Fabrication and Manipulation:
Falsifying Reports: Lying on affidavits, creating fake intelligence reports, or planting evidence to secure unwarranted convictions or gain promotions.
Fixing Cases: Manipulating, destroying, or suppressing evidence to help friends or allies avoid prosecution.Abuse of Authority/Position:
Intimidation: Using their official position to threaten individuals or coerce compliance in personal disputes.
Protecting Illegal Activities: Allowing friends or associates to run illegal businesses (such as gambling or prostitution) in exchange for bribes.Misuse of Public Resources: Utilizing government vehicles, data systems, and human resources for private, personal business ventures or to manage personal lives. [2, 3, 5, 6, 7]
Such unethical conduct undermines public trust in security institutions and violates constitutionally protected rights, notes the College of Safety and Security. [6]
AI responses may include mistakes.
[1] reddit.com/r/PoliticalDiscus…
[2] mdpi.com/2075-471X/11/5/69
[3] ijlsi.com/wp-content/uploads…
[4] leppardlaw.com/federal/compu…
[5] ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-librar…
[6] csesjournal.columbiasouthern…
[7] study.com/academy/lesson/abu…— Michael Novakhov (@mikenov) Apr 11, 2026