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Since its closure in 1963, Alcatraz Prison has become the stuff of legend. The seemingly inescapable federal penitentiary on a California island surrounded by frigid and powerful currents gained notoriety for housing some of history’s most famous prisoners, from Al “Scarface” Capone to George “Machine Gun” Kelly.

But now, decades since the island was purchased by the National Park Service and turned into a popular tourist destination, Donald Trump wants to convert it back into a prison.

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“REBUILD, AND OPEN ALCATRAZ!” the President posted on Truth Social on Sunday evening, announcing that he has directed the Bureau of Prisons, the Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and Homeland Security to “reopen a substantially enlarged and rebuilt” prison on Alcatraz Island to “house America’s most ruthless and violent Offenders.”

The move comes as Trump has pursued more aggressively punitive policies in his second term, including signing orders that encourage the use of extreme sentences and the death penalty, that target incarcerated trans women, and that expand police powers. Trump has also been criticized for eschewing the rule of law in carrying out a mass deportation campaign, detaining and deporting both undocumented immigrants as well as people legally in the U.S. without due process. At an April meeting between Trump and El Salvador’s President Nayib Bukele, Trump said he’d be “all for” deporting Americans to El Salvador next. In January, Trump ordered the opening of a detention center in Guantanamo Bay, where the U.S. has long leased a site from Cuba, to which his Administration would send the “worst criminal aliens.”

Read More: Trump Set to Ratchet Up His Immigration Crackdown During Next 100 Days

“When we were a more serious Nation, in times past, we did not hesitate to lock up the most dangerous criminals, and keep them far away from anyone they could harm. That’s the way it’s supposed to be,” Trump added in his Truth Social post. “We will no longer be held hostage to criminals, thugs, and Judges that are afraid to do their job and allow us to remove criminals, who came into our Country illegally.”

Trump told reporters on Sunday night while returning to the White House from Florida that his Alcatraz plan was “just an idea I’ve had” to counter the “radicalized judges [that] want to have trials for every single—think of it—every single person that’s in our country illegally.” Alcatraz is “a symbol of law and order,” he said. “It’s got quite a history, frankly.”

Long before Alcatraz became the site of a prison, it was a military fortress. Originally the land of the Ohlone people indigenous to the San Francisco Bay Area, the island was named La Isla de las Alcatraces after its large pelicans that a Spanish Navy officer who arrived in 1775 thought were gannets, called alactraces in Spanish. Later, the island became a U.S. naval defense fort after the Mexican-American War of 1848. The U.S. military also used the island to hold prisoners, including confederate sympathizers during the Civil War and Hopi Native Americans who resisted the government’s land decrees and mandatory education programs in 1895. By 1912, it was rebuilt as an official military prison.

In 1933, the Justice Department took over the island and made it a maximum-security federal penitentiary, partly in response to a rise in organized crime during prohibition. If the surrounding conditions didn’t make escape a hard enough prospect, the prison was retrofitted so that each prisoner was kept to one cell, and one guard was on duty for every three prisoners. Thirty-six men attempted 14 different escapes over the 29 years that the prison was open, and nearly all were caught or died in the attempt.

But the prison closed in March 1963. Its facilities were crumbling and would have cost $3 to $5 million to restore, and its isolated location made operating costs too expensive to maintain—nearly three times higher than any other federal prison, according to the Bureau of Prisons—because everything, including potable water, had to be shipped in.

The prison has long been a site of public fascination. It was featured in the 1962 film Birdman of Alcatraz about Robert Stroud, a convicted felon who studied the birds he saw while incarcerated and became an ornithologist, even finding a cure to a common avian hemorrhagic disease. It was also featured in the 1979 film Escape from Alcatraz, starring Clint Eastwood, and based on the real-life 1962 attempted escape of three prisoners who were never found, as well as in the 1996 fictional action thriller The Rock, starring Sean Connery and Nicolas Cage.

After its purchase by the NPS in 1972, the island has become a major tourist attraction and brings in more than a million visitors each year, according to the agency.

A spokesperson for the Bureau of Prisons told the Associated Press that the BOP will “comply with all Presidential Orders,” but did not explain how it would restore or reopen the prison while it is under the jurisdiction of the NPS, whose staff and funding have been threatened by Trump cuts, particularly while the BOP is struggling to keep its own facilities open amid deteriorating infrastructure and staffing shortages.“The President’s proposal is not a serious one,” former House Speaker and California Democrat Rep. Nancy Pelosi posted on X.

“The Movie Industry in America is DYING a very fast death,” President Donald Trump posted on his social platform Truth Social on Sunday night. “Other Countries are offering all sorts of incentives to draw our filmmakers and studios away from the United States. Hollywood, and many other areas within the U.S.A., are being devastated. This is a concerted effort by other Nations and, therefore, a National Security threat. It is, in addition to everything else, messaging and propaganda! Therefore, I am authorizing the Department of Commerce, and the United States Trade Representative, to immediately begin the process of instituting a 100% Tariff on any and all Movies coming into our Country that are produced in Foreign Lands. WE WANT MOVIES MADE IN AMERICA, AGAIN!”

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Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick responded on X: “We’re on it.”

But experts tell TIME that it’s not clear how such a policy would work or who would be charged such a tariff.

“I know it’s not the U.S. government or the President’s job to understand how movies are made,” says entertainment consultant Kathryn Arnold, “but if you understand how complex and interconnected the global film market is—both on a production and a distribution level—it’s devastating and doesn’t make any sense.”

While the President identified a real problem—the U.S. film industry has indeed suffered as production increasingly moves overseas—experts agree that Trump’s seemingly favorite policy tool, tariffs, isn’t really an applicable solution.

Trump’s global trade war thus far has involved slapping levies on foreign goods, for which the U.S. is a net-importer. But foreign films are intellectual property and part of the global trade of services, for which the U.S. is actually a net-exporter.

“The operating theory that the Trump Administration seems to be embracing is that if they make foreign manufacturing more appealing for any part of American industry, it will result in domestic manufacturing improving. So if there are tariffs on anything foreign, it’s supposed to inspire manufacturing domestically,” says Tom Nunan, a continuing lecturer at the School of Theater, Film and Television at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). “It was predictable that it would turn to entertainment as well.”

“If it’s cost-prohibitive to produce motion pictures and episodic television, or to acquire motion pictures or episodic television from foreign territories, then it would stand to reason, at least from his Administration’s standpoint, that foreign production would return to the United States. I think that’s the operating theory, at least,” says Nunan, adding however that “it’s not black or white like that.”

Speaking to reporters outside the White House on Sunday night, Trump said: “other nations have been stealing the moviemaking capabilities from the United States.” Trump added that he has done “very strong research” over the past week and that “Hollywood is being destroyed” and “if they’re not willing to make a movie inside the United States, then we should have a tariff on movies that come in.”

While Hollywood has seen a decline in production in recent years, in part due to rising labor costs, Arnold tells TIME that one way Trump could actually try to reverse that trend is by offering incentives, such as tax credits, for shooting in the U.S., which some foreign countries and cities already do as well as several U.S. states. But that would only impact one aspect of filmmaking, and some films shoot across multiple locations. Arnold added that many films are also co-produced by multiple production companies across countries.

Offering an incentive for specific aspects of production would be much more straightforward than trying to determine whether a film is “American” or “foreign” in order to penalize the latter.

The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative has said that although services are not subject to tariffs, they can be subject to trade barriers like regulatory requirements. But when it comes to film and entertainment, imposing certain restrictions can lead to a dramatically less free media environment within the country. 

In China, foreign films—defined as any film not produced by domestically licensed production companies, which can have no more than a 49% foreign partnership stake—are subject to strict censorship and quotas, which require going through state-run distributors. And in response to Trump’s recent tariffs against the country’s goods, the Chinese government announced it would “moderately reduce” the quota of U.S. movies allowed into its massive but tightly controlled market.

There’s also the risk that other countries would retaliate to a foreign-film tariff. And with the film industry being one of America’s strongest service-sector exports—according to the latest Motion Picture Association economic impact report, from 2023, it “generated a positive balance of trade in every major market in the world” for the U.S.—Center for Strategic and International Studies economic adviser and former president of the National Foreign Trade Council William Reinsch told Reuters: “We have a lot more to lose than to gain.”