Month: November 2025

• The Supreme Court is set to hear arguments on Wednesday over Trump’s “liberation day” tariffs.
• Trump says a national emergency lets him issue sweeping tariffs — which no other president has done.
• Experts say Trump could still pull off his trade plans without them, but it’ll be harder.

In April, President Donald Trump declared a national emergency. The United States, he said, had “been looted, pillaged, raped, and plundered” by other countries through trade deficits.

Imposing a tariff of at least 10% on nearly every single country in the world would address the problem, Trump said. Select countries, like Brazil and India, would be subjected to even higher tariffs, which are taxes imposed on imported goods.

It was “Liberation Day,” Trump announced.

On Wednesday, the Supreme Court is set to hear arguments over whether those tariffs can stand.

If the Supreme Court kicks Trump’s tariffs to the curb, it’ll be taking away one of the most powerful and flexible tools the president has used to pursue his economic agenda. If it lets Trump keep them, it’ll reflect the Supreme Court’s ever-broadening view of presidential power.

To legally justify the “Liberation Day” taxes on American importers, the White House leaned on the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, or IEEPA. The Carter-era law allows presidents to limit international transactions after declaring a national emergency, and has typically been used to justify sanctions.

The Supreme Court is considering whether the IEEPA allows presidents to impose tariffs, a power no previous president has ever claimed. If the court decides yes, it’ll take up a second issue: Whether giving the president this power tramples upon Article I of the Constitution, which says it’s Congress’s job to set and collect taxes and duties.

Those questions give the justices room to choose their own adventure in how they approach the case, according to Rachel Brewster, a professor of international trade at Duke Law School.

If they zero in on the text of the IEEPA, they might be more inclined to uphold the decisions of lower courts, which found the tariffs illegal, she said. If their questions center on national security, things could swing in Trump’s favor, according to Brewster.

“There’s multiple frames,” Brewster told Business Insider. “It’s a mix of all these things — it’s a mix of domestic taxation, it’s a mix of domestic regulation, but it also implicates foreign imports and foreign negotiation. So I think there’s a lot of wiggle room.”

No taxation without justification

IEEPA doesn’t say anything about letting presidents invent new taxes or tariffs in response to national emergencies. Instead, the law allows presidents to “regulate” importation, which the Trump administration says covers the power to unilaterally impose tariffs.

Attorneys opposing the IEPPA tariffs have argued that Congress has passed plenty of other laws that, under certain circumstances, allow presidents to impose tariffs without explicit congressional permission. Legislators could have included that power in IEEPA if they wanted to, they say.

Trump has taken the unprecedented measure of using this novel power as the basis for one of his biggest economic priorities, said Alan Wolff, a former deputy director of the World Trade Organization, who has negotiated trade deals in both Republican and Democratic administrations.

“We’re in uncharted territory,” Wolff told Business Insider. “No president has ever done anything like this.”

Whatever the Supreme Court decides, it would apply only to the “reciprocal” tariffs announced on “liberation day” and the “trafficking” tariffs Trump issued earlier on imports from China, Canada, and Mexico, which he said were meant to stem what the White House described as a tide of foreign-made fentanyl into the United States.

Those IEEPA-justified tariffs, if they are upheld, would raise four times as much revenue as the other Trump tariffs combined, according to an estimate from the Tax Foundation, a think tank.

The Supreme Court’s November 5 hearing will address two different tariff cases, both brought by groups of small businesses, as well as twelve states that oppose the tariffs. Victor Schwartz, the founder of VOS Selections, a New York-based wine importer that is the lead plaintiff in one case, previously told Business Insider that he’s suing because bigger companies wouldn’t take on the challenge.

“One of the big motivating factors for me to step up is that the big guys in business were not getting involved,” Schwartz said. “The big guys who have the money and power are cowering or defending their own self-interest.”

Tariffs are a Trump administration priority

Courts are typically loath to second-guess presidents on national security issues. And for that reason, it’s likely the Supreme Court will uphold the tariffs, said Wolff, now a fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics.

“I think that it’s very tough for the Supreme Court of the United States to say the foreign economic policy of the United States, which is based on this statute of this 1977 law — we’re going to determine that actually the President had no authority to do this,” Wolff said.

Neither the Court of International Trade nor the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit disagreed that Trump had the ability to determine emergencies. But both said that the tariff powers Trump claimed just aren’t in the IEEPA toolkit.

“They just said, even if there has been a finding of an emergency, IEEPA doesn’t authorize this,” Brewster said.

If the Supreme Court knocks down the IEEPA tariffs, Trump could still accomplish his trade policies, but it would be “a lot messier and more difficult,” Wolff said.

The laws that explicitly grant Trump the ability to issue tariffs without Congress’s permission are much less flexible than the powers Trump claimed under IEEPA.

Those tariffs can only be imposed against specific countries or particular industries, and they typically have built-in expiration dates and caps on how high the tariff can be. Some of them also require investigations by government agencies, which could further slow things down.

“For IEEPA, we need none of that,” Brewster said. “We don’t need any investigation. We don’t need any substantive limits. You just have this completely unbound power in IEEPA, which is why the president is now so fond of IEEPA.”

• Ibrahim Shah applied for his dream job at Anduril. He made it two rounds before being rejected.
• “I was anticipating really hard questions, and that’s pretty much all I was thinking about,” Shah told Business Insider.
• Shah said that he learned it’s “better to be nervous and authentic than to pretend like you have composure.”

This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with Ibrahim Shah, a 22-year-old student studying computer science at the University of California, Irvine. It’s been edited for length and clarity. An Anduril spokesperson pointed Business Insider to cofounder Matt Grimm’s response on social media.

My dream is to build my own company. Palmer Luckey sold Oculus when he was only 21. I wanted to be at an organization where the founders are absolute killers, very technically gifted, and have bold personalities.

If I work at a company like Anduril, that means I’m super smart, and I also get to be in a culture that incentivizes taking bold bets, which would help me in my future as a founder.

I was applying for an early-career software engineering role. I went through phone screen and then had an interview, which consisted of a behavioral portion for the first half as well as a technical.

The phone screen went stellar. It was very casual. He asked me why I wanted to actually work at Anduril. I emphasized my desire to work at a company that has real impact, where we’re working with the US government and allies and saving lives.

After that, I had my first-round technical scheduled. I was very confident going in. I studied probably 80 coding questions for the past few weeks leading up to this.

The interviewer was pretty calm. However, while he was speaking to me, I was anticipating these technicals that were coming up, which are notoriously difficult at Anduril. I tried to calm myself down, which led to me sounding aloof and uninterested.

My tone of voice was not super bright and as emotive as it usually is. In the initial recruiter screen, I was super bright and happy and excited because I really wanted this opportunity, but I didn’t have the idea of a technical assessment clouding my mind.

I was anticipating really hard questions, and that’s pretty much all I was thinking about. If you were being interviewed for a role where you’re going to make life-changing money that would change the trajectory of your family, and it’s based off of whether you could solve some math and coding problems, that would probably make you a little nervous.

After the first recruiter phone screen, I could tell he really wanted me to get this role. When I read that text, you can see the disappointment in his words. My first reaction was: “Wow, this recruiter is amazing and actually took time to create real feedback for me.”

My other reaction was: “Oh my god, I can’t believe I ruined a life-changing opportunity for myself because I messed up the behavioral portion.” I felt very mad at myself.

My main takeaway is that it’s better to be nervous and authentic than to pretend like you have composure. Trying to manufacture a calm aura can take away from how you truly feel about a company.

In the future, I’ll completely compartmentalize my brain so I don’t think about what’s coming next. When the technical portion comes, then sure, I can become calm and aloof, because that does help me perform better and overthink less.

I initially posted it as a throwaway post, expecting to maybe receive a few comments from friends in the tech industry who would support me. It really blew up.

It seems like everybody is trying to interview me now, which is amazing. Perplexity has reached out and is interviewing me. Thinking Machines is also interviewing me. A myriad of other defense startups as well.

This is an amazing outcome.

• Workers who believe they have less job security than they used to are coming up with a backup plan.
• Corporate strategy shifts, a tough job market, and AI hype are fueling anxiety.
• They’re getting a head start on their job search, launching side gigs, or prepping their finances.

When Michael Permana realized his software engineering job at Amazon was at risk, he didn’t panic. He took paternity leave.

Permana’s job security concerns began in February 2023, when he was placed on a performance improvement plan — a move he saw as a clear sign his job was in serious jeopardy.

“I was desperate because from what I’d heard, once you are in a performance improvement plan, you are on your way out at Amazon,” said the 47-year-old, who lives in California.

He began looking for work immediately but knew it might take a while to land a new role, and he was worried about not being able to earn a paycheck when he had a mortgage to pay.

Then he had an idea. His daughter had been born the previous May, and he still had a few remaining months of paternity leave before it expired when she turned one year old. By temporarily stepping away from work, he thought he might be able to prolong his employment at Amazon while he searched for a new role.

“I took the opportunity while I could to delay time,” he said.

It paid off. Less than a month after returning to work, Permana received a job offer for a software engineering position at MobilityWare, a mobile game developer.

While layoffs across the economy remain low by historical standards, white-collar workers have been disproportionately affected — and a hiring slowdown has made it harder for them to secure new roles. Business Insider has spoken with dozens of people laid off by major corporations as companies implement strategic shifts — including shedding management roles, reallocating resources toward AI initiatives, pushing out underperformers, and cutting costs across the board.

Some of these workers saw their layoffs coming, but many others were caught off guard — citing factors like long tenure, a lack of performance issues, and the seemingly strong financial position of their employers.

Rather than simply working hard and hoping for the best, some workers have prepared for the worst — deploying strategies like getting a head start on their job search, launching a side business, or secretly working a second job.

Laura Ulrich, director of economic research at the Indeed Hiring Lab, said some workers may be feeling anxious about job security because lower hiring levels have raised concerns about their ability to find a new role if a layoff were to occur. And because hiring was so much stronger in many industries just a few years ago, the shift may feel especially stark.

“If you become unemployed, it’s become much harder to find a job,” she said.

Ulrich added that the hype surrounding the potential of AI technologies has also given some workers reason to worry about their job security — even as the full impact of these technologies remains to be seen.

Starting a business to prepare for a layoff

Eduardo Noriega first began worrying about his job security at Microsoft in 2009, when the company laid off about 5,000 workers. He was spared, but it was a wake-up call.

“When I saw the layoff, I realized that job security isn’t real,” said Noriega, who’s in his 50s and lives in Seattle.

After weighing his options, Noriega concluded that his best chance at financial stability was to build a business he could rely on if he ever lost his job. He said it was one of the best career decisions he’s ever made.

By the time he was laid off by Microsoft this past May, he’d spent nearly a decade building a staffing firm outside work hours — and was earning more from it than from his software engineering job. He said he had been hesitant to quit and give up the steady paycheck, but the layoff gave him the push he needed to go all in.

“I never dared to quit,” he said. “And then Microsoft presented the layoff, and for me, that was like an exit.”

Taking second jobs and building your network

Many of the workers Business Insider spoke with who had the greatest concerns about job security — and who took steps to guard against it — had either been laid off in the past or witnessed significant cuts at their employers.

After getting laid off from four tech jobs between 2020 and 2023, Reed, who is in his 30s and lives in New York, was desperate for some level of job security. Business Insider verified his identity, but he requested to use a pseudonym due to concerns about professional repercussions.

After his fourth layoff, Reed had a eureka moment.

“I was like, the only way for me to combat not continuously being unemployed is to have two jobs,” he said.

As of earlier this year, Reed was on track to earn about $280,000 working two full-time remote jobs. He said his typical workweek is about 60 hours, and neither employer knows about the other gig — but he thinks it’s worth it for the additional job security.

“I need these two jobs to sustain my life with my partner,” he said, adding, “I don’t really have a choice.”

Not all job jugglers are as ambitious as Reed. Some, like John, a millennial software engineer based in California, are boosting their job security by taking on a part-time role on the side. He expects to earn about $225,000 this year, including around $60,000 from his part-time gig. John said his main employer knows he has a side gig of some sort, but doesn’t know the specifics of the role — or how many hours he devotes to it.

In addition to his part-time gig, John has become less concerned about his job security as he has developed his network over the years. If he were to be laid off from his primary job, he said he knows several startup founders and hiring managers in his industry who he believes would help him find employment.

“I’m pretty confident that I’d be able to secure another full-time job in pretty short order,” he said.

Preparing financially and starting your job search

Earlier this year, a strategic shift at Intel led Kent Ha, then a digital marketing strategist, to believe that his team’s jobs were in jeopardy. He’d already been laid off twice over the past decade — in 2015 and 2020 — and wanted to avoid a lengthy spell of unemployment. So in June, he contacted his financial advisor to help him prepare financially — and started applying for jobs.

“I figured worst case, I’d land another offer and have a backup plan,” he said. “Best case, I’d keep my job and wouldn’t have to make any changes.”

When the feared layoff came in July, Ha was already in the middle of a job search. While he’s still looking for work, he’s glad he got a head start.

For some workers, the best way to ease their job security concerns is by accumulating savings that can help them stay afloat during unemployment — or give them the freedom to leave a job that doesn’t feel stable.

Phil Coachman, formerly a senior cloud solution architect at Microsoft, said that the company’s layoffs conducted in 2023 raised significant concerns about his job security. Other frustrations with his role followed, and in July 2024, he began looking for a new opportunity.

“I just didn’t feel happy there anymore,” said Coachman, who’s in his 40s and lives in Pennsylvania. “I wanted to just continue making cool stuff and not have this constant fear of losing my job every week.”

However, Coachman’s search proved challenging, and by January of this year, he decided to resign in order to focus on his job search. He said the “rainy day fund” he’d built over the years helped him feel comfortable doing so.

“I had enough savings that even if it would take me a year to find a job, I would be fine,” he said. “So it was just getting the courage to take that jump.”

While his savings helped him stay afloat during his job search, Coachman said deciding to rely more on his network after he resigned is what landed him a new job. A former Microsoft colleague referred him for a role at the AI startup Databricks, which led to an interview — and, in April, a job offer.

His network couldn’t protect him from being laid off, but it helped him end his spell of unemployment — and made him feel a bit less concerned about his job security going forward.

“Finding my next gig was 100% through my network,” he said, adding, “It’s real connections with people that I think make all the difference.”

When I walked into a concert last month, I was handed a bingo card. The phrases on squares prompted me to find people who had the same favorite color as I did, or had traveled recently — meaning I’d have to speak with strangers. The activity seemed more aligned with a bridal shower than an indie show, but this wasn’t a typical concert. It was put on by Sofar Sounds, a company that lines up concerts with emerging artists at locations that aren’t disclosed until shortly before the show; they can be galleries or event spaces or even backyards. This show in particular wasn’t just about fans finding new artists, but about fans maybe finding love: It was a concert for singles.

“We didn’t set out intending to be necessarily a singles thing,” Warren Webster, Sofar’s CEO, tells me. But there was demand — people were buying tickets particularly to find someone to date, Webster says Sofar surveys of users found. (Turns out a lot of people’s takeaway from Coldplay KissCamgate may have been, “I want some of what they’re having”). So a year ago, the company started hosting concerts geared toward single people looking to meet, and there’s been demand around the world since, with more than 60 singles events spanning 16 cities, and some 7,000 people coming looking for love. It’s “just indicative of the moment that we’re in,” Webster says.

Sofar, which serves people new artists without the intervention of an algorithm, has all the undeniable elements of cool: underground artists, exclusivity, and leaving the house. The company was “created to give artists a chance to actually authentically connect with audiences in a way that hasn’t been overly controlled by mass entertainment,” Webster says. And in a world where dating, music discovery, and the flow of information is largely controlled by algorithms, there’s a movement brewing to push people back to in-person hangs, where they can encounter serendipity and make connections the old school way.

Getting offline is the new social currency.

The phrase “offline is the new luxury” has been slowly bubbling up on social media over the past few years. Some post it along with photos of their lavish vacations around the world, some speculate that the wealthiest people will soon shun social media and smartphones in favor of a life lived mostly offline. Digital minimalism is on the rise, with some people posting less on social media and keeping more of their lives private after a decade of sharing photos of their every meal online. In a recent podcast appearance, Aziz Ansari described staying away from “chatbot” (he means ChatGPT), having a flip phone, and ditching email, the absence of which gives him “more space to think.” He qualifies that he has an assistant. For those who have to pay their own electric bills and report to bosses, shunning email and returning to a flip phone is an improbable mandate. Still, a movement is building to get people off their phones for even just an evening, and people are flocking to companies that provide opportunities for in-person connection.

Going offline for a week is now the biggest investment you can do and the most luxurious thing you can do.Andrew Roth, founder of Offline

Many are starting to see that “going offline for a week is now the biggest investment you can do and the most luxurious thing you can do, because you can, because it’s an active choice you’re able to make,” says Andrew Roth, founder of Offline, a platform that highlights in-person communities and helps them to connect with brands to co-host or be part of in-person events, as more people tire of online brand engagement. Going offline “ends up transitioning into a more culturally wide opportunity in terms of accessing that quote-un-quote luxury,” Roth says. “That’s what these communities are trying to do is create more of the access for that in different ways that don’t require you to take a one week vacation to Hawaii.”

Social media and dating apps for a time lowered the investment people had to make to find one another. They were free, and some did find genuine connections on sites like Tumblr and in fan communities, and about 10% of adults in serious relationships met via dating apps, according to a 2023 report from the Pew Research Center. But recent years have seen the enshittification of the apps, as they prompted people to pay subscription fees or fall to the lower ranks of romantic hopefuls, and now dating apps are in a flop era and users are fleeing. “Sit at the bar September” and “off the apps October” have both been trending, encouraging singles to get off their phones and try to meet people in person.

Social media isn’t so social anymore — TikTok, Instagram, and X are full of AI slop, and the newest social media apps, like Sora or Meta’s Vibes feed, are built on AI content. An October 2024 Pew Research Center survey of teens found that nearly half say social media has a mostly negative effect on people their age, with only 11% saying it’s mostly positive.

New social connection apps, promoting friendship or love IRL, are having a moment. 222, an app that charges a curation fee and pairs strangers up for events (typically dinners), used the phrase “offline is the new luxury” on a billboard. The app has raised $3.6 million, and has hosted “thousands” of events and has “hundreds of thousands of members,” Keyan Kazemian, the app’s founder, tells me. There’s also Timeleft (also for dinners with strangers), Pie (which connects people who share interests to groups like book clubs and healthy living), and numerous new speed dating companies resurrecting a pre-dating app experience for generations that grew more comfortable swiping than chatting. Kanso, which hosts phone-free gatherings, advertises itself as “for those who were made for more.” People can buy tickets to events where they lock their phones away and spend a few hours meeting new people. Kanso’s founder, Randy Ginsburg, says the events seem to so far appeal to highly-driven extroverts, and unlike apps that track screen time or block people from using certain apps, Kanso’s unplugged events focus on providing alternatives to time spent on screens, and help people “meet people worth putting your phone down for,” he tells me.

Ginsburg likens the digital detox to other health-first lifestyle choices, like exercising or eating right — engaging in the behaviors aligns somewhat with having the privilege to take the time and effort to do so. “People require various degrees of education, accountability, and support to put these practices into their lives,” Ginsburg says. “I think the same thing is very much true of our relationship with technology and our phones.”

For most, the in-person events are ways to find the ever-shrinking third place, not to fully replace their online presence. Yumi Temple, a 29-year-old in Denver who works in public relations, says she made a lasting friendship after attending a dinner with Timeleft last year. “Our generation has so many fewer institutions than previous ones,” Temple says. “I don’t necessarily think in person as the meeting point or introduction to another person is more special, I think it’s just about whatever the catalyzing thing that had you to meet.” With services like Timeleft, people pay a monthly subscription fee of $19.99 and the cost of the meal, so Temple says she wouldn’t attend the dinners regularly, but it was helpful because she knew after making the investment, “these people are all open to making a new friend. They’re prepared to put the energy and time in to make that work.”

At the Sofar Sounds show, it felt easy for people to talk to one another. By attending, we were signaling that we were open to meeting. The bingo card that at first felt so cheesy ended up being the easiest way to justify walking up to someone and asking a question. In a world where many of us still average more screen time than face time with friends, the IRL events are giving people a reason to try stepping away from their screens.

Amanda Hoover is a senior correspondent at Business Insider covering the tech industry. She writes about the biggest tech companies and trends.