Month: November 2025
#SouthCaucasus
The #GeneticStudies of the #Armenia-n ethnic group – Google Search google.com/search?q=The+gene…
Genetic studies show that #Armenians are a distinct, largely isolated population native to the Armenian Highlands, with significant continuity from ancient ancestors over thousands of years. Their genetic makeup shows an affinity to both Near Eastern and European groups, reflecting a Bronze Age mixing of Eurasian populations, but with modern isolation since the Bronze Age. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Genetic continuity and isolationLong-term continuity: Genetic analyses of ancient and modern Armenians reveal a remarkable continuity, with modern Armenians showing little genetic distance from skeletons from as far back as 7,800 years ago.
Genetic isolation: Studies suggest that Armenians have been largely genetically isolated since the end of the Bronze Age, with no significant admixture from other populations in recent history. This has resulted in a unique genetic signature within the region. [1, 3, 4, 5]Origins and ancestry
Bronze Age mixing: The diversity of the Armenian genome can be explained by mixtures of various Eurasian populations that occurred around 3000–2000 BCE.
Near Eastern and European connections: Armenians have a strong genetic link to the Near East, but also show a higher genetic affinity to Neolithic Europeans than other present-day Near Easterners, with some studies suggesting roughly 29% of their ancestry may originate from a population represented by Neolithic Europeans.
Rejection of Balkan ancestry theory: Historical theories suggesting a strong Balkan origin for Armenians are not supported by modern genetic data, according to the Cell Press study published in The American Journal of Human Genetics. Instead, recent evidence points to genetic input from a source linked to Neolithic Levantine Farmers after the Early Bronze Age. [1, 2, 6, 7, 8]Key haplogroups
Patrilineal (Y-chromosome): The most common haplogroups are R1b (including the Yamnaya-associated R-Z2103 lineage), J2a, and J1a. The greatest genetic diversity for these haplogroups is observed in the Armenian highlands.
Matrilineal (mtDNA): The primary haplogroups are H (), J (), U (), and N (). The modern composition is consistent with ancient samples from the region, with the exception of the N lineage, which is not found in ancient samples. [9]AI responses may include mistakes.
[1] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin…
[2] pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2648…
[3] youtube.com/watch?v=Zrq_kVKE…
[4] cell.com/cms/10.1016/j.ajhg.…
[5] facebook.com/groups/15583737…
[6] nature.com/articles/ejhg2015…
[7] cell.com/ajhg/fulltext/S0002…
[8] researchgate.net/publication…
[9] ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article…— Michael Novakhov (@mikenov) Nov 4, 2025
Allison Robbert/For The Washington Post via Getty Images
- A former Trump student-loan official is leading a lawsuit against the administration’s debt collection efforts.
- The lawsuit accused Trump and credit reporting bureaus of unfair credit reporting.
- It comes after Trump resumed collections on defaulted student loans in May after a five-year pause.
A former Trump official is taking legal action against the administration over its treatment of student-loan borrowers who miss payments.
At the end of October, A. Wayne Johnson — who oversaw the federal student-loan portfolio during President Donald Trump’s first term — launched a class action lawsuit with Georgia-based law firm Cooper, Barton, & Cooper, against the Department of Education and credit reporting firms Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion.
The lawsuit was filed on behalf of four borrowers who said they were falsely recorded as having defaulted on their loans and struggled to receive help from the department, and others similarly affected.
It accused the department and the credit reporting firms of “willful violations” of the Fair Credit Reporting Act that have “forced millions of borrowers into reported serious delinquency and even wrongful default, destroyed their financial futures, and extracted billions of dollars” from borrowers by marking them as delinquent without providing sufficient aid to enroll them in repayment plans.
Specifically, the lawsuit said that a decline in servicer capacity, mass layoffs at the department, and a lack of proper funding have contributed to a wave of improper defaults. Johnson said in a video that the relief the class action seeks includes $100,000 returned to each member and the removal of all negative credit reporting from borrowers’ credit reports.
An Education Department spokesperson said the lawsuit is “an embittered attempt by ideologues” to change the way the administration collects student loans. An Equifax spokesperson said the company does not comment on pending litigation, and Experian and TransUnion did not respond to a request for comment from Business Insider.
In May, the department resumed collections on defaulted student loans after a five-year pause. Linda McMahon, Trump’s education secretary, wrote in an April opinion piece that the collections restart wasn’t intended to “be unkind to student borrowers.”
“Borrowing money and failing to pay it back isn’t a victimless offense,” McMahon said. “Debt doesn’t go away; it gets transferred to others.”
About 5 million borrowers are in default, and the New York Federal Reserve’s quarterly report on household debt and credit found that 10.2% of student borrowing was in serious delinquency in the second quarter of 2025, putting borrowers a step closer toward defaulting and facing wage garnishment or other penalties. Default typically happens after 270 days of missed payments.
Borrowers who were declared as seriously delinquent or in default since January 1, 2025, and are interested in joining the class action lawsuit can submit their information here.
